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Frames Of Mind : The Theory Of Multiple Intelligences
by Howard E. Gadner

Howard Gardner's 'Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences' is a fascinating book that helps to explain how and why different people seem to learn in different ways and possess different skills and talents.

Gardner explains that there is not one thing called intelligence, but rather several different types of intelligence that work together.

The idea of different kinds of intelligence is hardly new, as Gardner concedes, but that idea having been formed, it is rarely carried forward save by the most innovative of teachers and thinkers.

Gardner's Multiple Intelligences

Intelligence type	Intelligence description	Related tasks, activities or tests	Preferred learning style
1. Linguistic	Words and language	write a set of instructions; speak on a subject; edit a written piece or work; write a speech; commentate on an event; apply positive or negative 'spin' to a story	Words and language
2. Logical - mathmatical	Logical thinking	Perform a mental calculation; create a process to measure something difficult; analyse how a machine works; create a process; devise a strategy to achieve an aim; assess the value of a business or a proposition	Numbers and logic
3. Musical	musical ability	Perform a musical piece; sing a song; review a musical work; coach someone to play a musical instrument; specify mood music for telephone systems and receptions	music, sounds, rhythm
4. Bodily - Kinesthetic	body movement control,	Juggle; demonstrate a sports technique; flip a beer-mat; create a mime to explain something; toss a pancake; fly a kite; coach workplace posture, assess work-station ergonomics	physical experience and movement, touch and feel
5. Spatial - Visual	visual and spatial perception	Design a costume; interpret a painting; create a room layout; create a corporate logo; design a building; pack a suitcase or the boot of a car	pictures, shapes, images, 3D space